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Olympe de Gouges
English translations of the original French texts
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Nov 1788 - Sep 1789
Preface pour les dames
Mme Valmont
Lettre au peuple, ou projet d'une caisse patriotique
Remarques patriotiques
Bonheur primitif
Dialogue Allégorique...
Le Cri du sage
Avis pressant, ou réponse à mes calomniateurs
Pour sauver la patrie...
Mes voeux sont remplis ou le don patriotique
Lettre au Duc De l'Orléans
Epitre
Séance Royale
Le Contre Poison
Action héroique d'une française...
May 1790 - Jul 1792
Lettre aux Littérateurs François
Les Comédiens Démasqués
Depart de Necker
Projet sur la formation d'un Tribunal populairel...
Tombeau De Mirabeau
Sera-t-il Roi, ne le sera-t-il pas ?
Les Droits de la femme
Le Bon sens du Français
L'Esprit français ou problème à résoudre...</a></li><li><a href="/api/v1/web-embed/proxy?proxyUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20211105085902%2Fhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.olympedegouges.eu%2Ffrench_commonsense_nobles.php&mode=full">Le Bons sens français ou l'apologie des vrais nobles</a></li><li><a href="/api/v1/web-embed/proxy?proxyUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20211105085902%2Fhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.olympedegouges.eu%2Fgreat_eclipse.php&mode=full">Grand éclipse du soleil jacobin</a></li><li><a href="/api/v1/web-embed/proxy?proxyUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20211105085902%2Fhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.olympedegouges.eu%2Flettre_a_la_reine.php&mode=full">Lettre a la Reine</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#">Sep 1792 - Sep 1793</a><ul><li><a href="/api/v1/web-embed/proxy?proxyUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20211105085902%2Fhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.olympedegouges.eu%2Fpride_innocence.php&mode=full">La Fierté de l'innocence...</a></li><li><a href="/api/v1/web-embed/proxy?proxyUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20211105085902%2Fhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.olympedegouges.eu%2Fdon_quichotte.php&mode=full">Adresse au Don Quichotte...</a></li><li><a href="/api/v1/web-embed/proxy?proxyUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20211105085902%2Fhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.olympedegouges.eu%2Fghost.php&mode=full">Les Fantômes de l'opinion publique</a></li><li><a href="/api/v1/web-embed/proxy?proxyUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20211105085902%2Fhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.olympedegouges.eu%2Fpronostic_max.php&mode=full">Pronostic sur Maximilien Robespierre...</a></li><li><a href="/api/v1/web-embed/proxy?proxyUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20211105085902%2Fhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.olympedegouges.eu%2Fresponse_max.php&mode=full">Réponse à la justification de Maximilien Robespierre...</a></li><li><a href="/api/v1/web-embed/proxy?proxyUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20211105085902%2Fhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.olympedegouges.eu%2Fdefenseur_officieux.php&mode=full">Défenseur officieux de Louis Capet</a></li><li><a href="/api/v1/web-embed/proxy?proxyUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20211105085902%2Fhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.olympedegouges.eu%2Fmy_last_word.php&mode=full">Mon dernier mot</a></li><li><a href="/api/v1/web-embed/proxy?proxyUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20211105085902%2Fhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.olympedegouges.eu%2Fcorrespondance.php&mode=full">Correspondance de la Cour. Compte moral rendu.</a></li><li><a href="/api/v1/web-embed/proxy?proxyUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20211105085902%2Fhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.olympedegouges.eu%2Fdecree_of_death.php&mode=full">Arret de mort que présente Olympe de Gouges...</a></li><li><a href="/api/v1/web-embed/proxy?proxyUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20211105085902%2Fhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.olympedegouges.eu%2Fpolitical_testament.php&mode=full">Political Testament</a></li><li><a href="/api/v1/web-embed/proxy?proxyUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20211105085902%2Fhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.olympedegouges.eu%2Fthree_urns.php&mode=full">Les Trois urnes ou le salut de la patrie</a></li><li><a href="/api/v1/web-embed/proxy?proxyUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20211105085902%2Fhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.olympedegouges.eu%2Ffemale_patriot.php&mode=full">Une patriote persécutée à la Convention nationale</a></li><li><a href="/api/v1/web-embed/proxy?proxyUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20211105085902%2Fhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.olympedegouges.eu%2Frevolutionary_tribunal.php&mode=full">Olympe de Gouges au Tribunal révolutionnaire</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="#" class="">Plays</a><ul><li><a href="/api/v1/web-embed/proxy?proxyUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20211105085902%2Fhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.olympedegouges.eu%2Foutlines_plays.php&mode=full">Outlines</a><li><a href="#">Nov 1788 - Sep 1793</a><ul><li><a href="/api/v1/web-embed/proxy?proxyUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20211105085902%2Fhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.olympedegouges.eu%2Fhomme_gen.php&mode=full">L'homme Généreux (1786)</a></li><li><a href="/api/v1/web-embed/proxy?proxyUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20211105085902%2Fhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.olympedegouges.eu%2Fle_mariage_inattendu.php&mode=full">Le Mariage inattendu de Chêrubin (1786)</a></li><li><a href=zamore_et_mirza.php>Zamore et Mirza (1788 - </a></li><li> with addenda Réflexions de Nègres)</li><li><a href="/api/v1/web-embed/proxy?proxyUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20211105085902%2Fhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.olympedegouges.eu%2Fninon.php&mode=full">Molière chez Ninon (1788)</a></li><li><a href="/api/v1/web-embed/proxy?proxyUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20211105085902%2Fhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.olympedegouges.eu%2Fle_divorce.php&mode=full">La Nécessité Du Divorce (1790)</a></li><li><a href="/api/v1/web-embed/proxy?proxyUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20211105085902%2Fhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.olympedegouges.eu%2Fdemosandaristos.php&mode=full">Les Démocrates et Les Aristocrates(1790)</a></li><li><a href="/api/v1/web-embed/proxy?proxyUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20211105085902%2Fhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.olympedegouges.eu%2Fmirabeau_champs.php&mode=full">Mirabeau aux Champs-Elysées(1791)</a></li><li><a href="/api/v1/web-embed/proxy?proxyUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20211105085902%2Fhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.olympedegouges.eu%2Fesclavage_des_noirs.php&mode=full">Esclavage des Noirs (1792)</a></li><li><a href="/api/v1/web-embed/proxy?proxyUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20211105085902%2Fhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.olympedegouges.eu%2Fle_couvent.php&mode=full">Le Couvent ou les voeux forcées (March 1792)</a></li><li><a href="/api/v1/web-embed/proxy?proxyUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20211105085902%2Fhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.olympedegouges.eu%2Fla_france_sauvee.php&mode=full">La France Sauvêe ou le Tyran Détrôné (1792)</a></li><li><a href="/api/v1/web-embed/proxy?proxyUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20211105085902%2Fhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.olympedegouges.eu%2Fdumouriez.php&mode=full">L'Entrée de Dumourier à Bruxelles (1793</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><a href="/api/v1/web-embed/proxy?proxyUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20211105085902%2Fhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.olympedegouges.eu%2Fdiary.php&mode=full" class="">Diary</a><li><a href="/api/v1/web-embed/proxy?proxyUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20211105085902%2Fhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.olympedegouges.eu%2Flinks.php&mode=full" class="">Links</a><li><a href="/api/v1/web-embed/proxy?proxyUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20211105085902%2Fhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.olympedegouges.eu%2Fcontact.php&mode=full" class="">Contact</a></ul> </nav> <div class = "art-sheet clearfix"> <div class = "art-layout-wrapper clearfix"> <div class = "art-content-layout"> <div class = "art-content-layout-row"> <div class = "art-layout-cell art-content clearfix"> <article class = "art-post art-article"> <div class = "art-postcontent art-postcontent-0 clearfix"> <div class = "art-content-layout"> <div class = "art-content-layout-row"> <div class = "art-layout-cell layout-item-1" style = "width:100%"> <div class = "kt"> <h2 class="red bold" style="text-align:center">Olympe De Gouges Timeline</span></h2> <ul class="odg"> <li><strong>1748</strong> Olympe de Gouges [O G] born 7 May to Anne-Olympe Mouisset in Montauban, presumed to be the illegitimate child of Le Franc de Pompignan.</li> <li><strong>1765</strong> O G marries Louis-Yves Aubry 24 October.</li> <li><strong>1766</strong> son Pierre born 29 August; husband dies that winter; takes the name Olympe de Gouges.</li> <li><strong>1767</strong> O G meets Jacques Biétrix de Rozières who becomes her lover and companion; she refuses to re-marry.</li> <li>From <strong>1773</strong> O G is known to live in Paris, as does her elder sister Jeanne; it is almost certain that she had a child by Jacques Biétrix de Rozières who died in childhood, dates unknown.</li> <li><strong>Mid 1770s - mid 1780s</strong> O G lives in various rented apartments, regularly attends the theatre, meets journalists and writers (e.g. Louis-Sébastien Mercier, Michel de Cubières, La Harpe), frequents salon of Mme de Montesson alongside future Philippe Égalité, has contacts in freemasonry through Mme Helvetius and the Condorcets, from 1780 she regularly sends money to her widowed mother, sets up her own amateur theatre and attends fashionable classes at the Lycée. </li> <li><strong>1784</strong> O G writes three-act play <span class="red italic">Zamore et Mizra ou l’Heureux naufrage</span> which breaks with tradition by writing about slavery from the slaves’ perspective. Following the death of Le Franc de Pompignan she begins to write <span class="red italic">Mémoire de Madame de Valmont</span> (a fictional auto-biography) in response to the inconsiderate treatment her mother received from her father. O G writes three-act play <span class="red italic">Les Amours de Cherubin</span> inspired by Beaumarchais’ Le Mariage de Figaro; it was well received but never played due to Beaumarchais’ antipathy to both the play and its author who he accused of plagiarism.</li> <li><strong>1785</strong> <span class="red italic"> Zamore et Mizra</span> is read and accepted at the Comédie Française but not played; the subsequent rows between author and theatre lead to O G narrowly avoiding imprisonment in the Bastille. One-act play <span class="red italic">Lucinde et Cardénio</span> is read but refused.</li> <li><strong>1786</strong><span class="red italic"> Les Amours de Cherubin</span> published as <span class="red italic">Le Mariage inatendu de Cherubin</span>; O G tours provinces in amateur production of the play with son and others. Publishes five-act play <span class="red italic">L’Homme généreux</span>, again well received but not played.</li> <li><strong>1787</strong> O G sells her private theatre – sets, costumes etc., writes five-act play <span class=""red italic">Le Philosophe corrigé ou le Cocu supposé</span>. </li> <li><strong>1788</strong> O G publishes first two volumes of three volume <span class="red italic">Œuvres</span> which includes all works cited previously and one-act play <span class="red italic">Bienfaisante ou la Bonne mère</span>; later publishes third volume with new five-act play <span class="red italic">Molière chez Ninon ou Le Siècle des grands hommes</span>. Writes <span class="italic red">Réflexions sur les Hommes Nègres; Dialogue entre mon esprit, le bon sens et la raison, ou critique de mes œuvres ; Préface pour les dames, ou le Portrait des Femmes; Réminiscences ; Les Vengeances utiles et humaines</span>. Estates General recalled for 1789 due to financial crisis, Assembly of Notables meets 6 November; on same day her first political pamphlet <span class="red italic">Lettre au peuple ou projet d’une caisse patriotique</span> is advertised; December sees publication of <span class="red italic">Remarques patriotiques</span>.</li> <li><strong>1789</strong> O G publishes <span class="red italic">Dialogue allégorique entre la France et la vérité</span> and a philosphical essay <span class="red italic">Bonheur primitif de l’homme</span>. Writes one-act play <span class="red italic">Bienfaisante ou la Bonne mère</span>. Moves to Versailles to participate in the opening of the Estates General on 5 May; publishes <span class="red italic">Le Cri du sage</span> and <span class="red italic">Avis pressant, ou réponse à mes calomniateurs</span> in same month. June sees publication of <span class="red italic">Pour sauver la patrie il faut respecter les trois ordres</span>. On 17 June Estates General name themselves National Assembly, on 19 June majority of clergy vote to join Third Estate, on 20 June Oath taken in Tennis Court, on 23 June the King vetoes the decisions taken by the Third Estate, on 27 June the King orders clergy and nobility to join Third Estate, on 7 July the Constituent National Assembly formed. Publication on 24 June of <span class="red italic">Discours de l’aveugle au Français</span> and in the same month <span class="red italic">Mes vœux sont remplis, ou le Don patriotique</span>. 11 July Necker dismissed (recalled on 16), riots in Paris leading to storming of Bastille on 14 July. <span class="red italic">Séance royale</span> distributed 11 July, followed by <<span class="red italic">Lettre à Monseigneur le duc d’Orléans, Motion de Monseigneur le duc d’Orléans, ou les Songes patriotiques</span>. 26 August National Assembly adopts Declaration of Rights of Man and of the Citizen. 7 September a delegation of women offer their jewellery to the state to alleviate its debt; 11 September O G publishes <span class="red italic">Action héroïque d’une française, ou la France sauvée par les femmes</span>. 5 October women march on Versailles, 6 October royal family brought to Paris. O G leaves Versailles for Paris. 28 December first night of <span class="red italic">L’Esclavage des Nègres, ou l’Heureux naufrage</span>. Writes one-act play <span class="red italic">Les Aristocrates et les Démocrates, ou le Curieux du Champ de Mars</span>; plus <span class="red italic">Les Comédiens démasqués, ou Madame de Gouges ruinée par la Comédie Française; Le Contre-poison, Avis aux citoyens de Versailles; L’Ordre national, ou le Comte d’Artois inspiré par Mentor; Projets utiles et salutaires; Projet de formation d’un second Théâtre Français</span> and numerous articles and published letters in 1789. </li> <li><strong>1790</strong> 2 January third and last performance of <span class="red italic">L’Esclavage des Nègres</span> brought down by slave traders; OG replies with <span class="red italic">Réponse au champion Américain ou Colon très aisé à connâitre</span> 18 January. Religious orders suppressed in February; in same month O G publishes <span class="red italic">Adresse au Représentants de la Nation</span> and <span class="red italic">Lettres aux littérateurs français</span>. In April O G publishes <span class="red italic">Départ de M. Necker et de Mme de Gouges</span>, in May <span class="red italic">Projet sur la formation d’un Tribunal populaire et supréme en matière criminelle</span>. 14 July first Fête de la fédération. 4 September Necker resigns. 19 September funeral procession for soldiers killed at Nancy. Three-act play <span class="red italic">Le Couvent, ou les Vœux forcés</span> first performed 4 October and continued to be played sporadically until 1792. 12 October legality of slavery reaffirmed followed by riots in Saint-Domingue (Hispaniola) at the end of the month. O G also wrote <span class="red italic">Bouquet national</span>; one act play <span class="red italic">Le Temps et la Liberté, ou la Fédération française</span> ; five-act play <span class="red italic">Le Nouveau Tartuffe, ou l’Ecole de jeunes gens</span>. 21 December National Assembly decrees to erect a statue in memory of Rousseau.</li> <li><strong>1791</strong> Three-act play <span class="red italic">Les Rêveries de Jean-Jacques ou la Mort de Jean-Jacques à Ermenonville</span> read and refused by Comédie Française. 13 January the Comédie Française loses its theatrical monopoly following a decree allowing any citizen to erect a public theatre and recognising playwrights as sole owners of their works. 6 March Pauline Léon suggests a female militia to the National Assembly. Five-act play <span class="red italic">Nécessité du divorce, ou le Divorce</span> read at the Comédie Italienne in March. Mirabeau dies 2 April; OG writes <span class="red italic">Le Tombeau de Mirabeau</span> and a four-act play <span class="red italic">Mirabeau aux Champs-Elysées</span> performed at the Comédie Italienne on 14 April but so cut it was reduced to one act; played to great success in Bordeaux on 1 June. 21 June Louis XVI arrested in Varennes; O G publishes <span class="red italic">Sera-t-il roi ,ou ne le sera-t-il pas?</span> in next few days. 24 June O G presents <span class="red italic">Projet d’une garde nationale de Femmes</span> to the National Assembly. 17 July Champ de Mars massacre. O G publishes <span class="red italic">Observations sur les étrangers</span> in July. 17 August all emigrants to return to France within a month; O G writes <span class="red italic">Adresse au Roi et à la Reine, au Prince de Condé et Observations à M. Duveyrier sur sa fameuse ambassade</span>. 5 September <span class="red italic">Repentir de Madame de Gouges</span> appears. 14 September Louis XVI accepts the constitution inspired by the Declaration of the Rights of Man; O G presents her alternative <span class="red italic">Les Droits de la femme et de la citoyenne, dédié à la Reine</span>. 27 September slavery is made illegal within France but not in the colonies. 30 September last session of Constituent National Assembly; 1 October first sitting of Legislative National Assembly. 5 October Sire and Majesté are banned as forms of address. October sees the start of bellicose debates regarding foreign powers. 14 November Pétion elected as Mayor of Paris. 25 November surveillance committee created by Legislative Assembly. December sees mounting pressure for war against foreign powers to safeguard revolution.</li> <li><strong>1792</strong> January sees publication of Mary Wollstonecraft’s A Vindication of the Rights of Woman translated the same year into French. Paris troubled by riots at end of the month, grocery shops pillaged due to shortages and escalating prices. 1 February passports obligatory for any internal journeys; 9 February French emigrant’s chattels are confiscated in favour of the nation. O G publishes <span class="red italic">Le Bon Sens du Français</span> in February and <span class="red italic">L’Esprit français ou Problème a résoudre sur le labyrinthe de divers complots</span> in March. 3 March Simonneau, mayor of Etampes, murdered by a rabble; 16 March Gustav III of Sweden assassinated; 20 March the creation of guillotines authorised; 24 March black men in the Antilles are given political status; 30 March triumphant march into Paris by liberated Swiss soldiers of Châteauvieux. O G’s sister Jeanne who married and came to Paris before her younger sibling dies in March. O G produces a poster in April <span class="red italic">Invocation au sens commun, ou Dernier mot sur la fête de la Liberté qui aura lieu dimanche 15 Avril 1792</span> prior to festival on 15 April for Swiss soldiers. The Legislative Assembly decides to honour Simonneau as a civic hero with a festival; O G comes to the Assembly and successfully campaigns for a women’s cortege in the celebratory procession of 3 June. In April she publishes <span class="red italic">Le Bon sens français, ou l’Apologie des vrais nobles, dédié aux Jacobins</span> followed by <span class="red italic">Grande Éclipse du Soleil Jacobiniste et de la Lune Feuillantine</span> and <span class="red italic">Lettre aux Français</span>. War declared on 20 April. In May O G writes <span class="red italic">Lettres à la Reine, aux Généraux de l’Armée, aux Amis de la Constitution et aux Françaises citoyennes</span>. 20 June invasion of the Tuileries by Parisian crowds. In June O G publishes a two-volume novel <span class="red italic">Le Prince philosophe</span>; in July she addresses her <span class="red italic">Pacte Nationale</span> to the Assembly and publishes both <span class="red italic">Le cri de l’Innocence</span> and <span class="red italic">Aux Fédérés</span>. 14 July O G organised a cortege of women to participate in celebratory procession. 30 July national guards from Marseilles arrive in Paris chanting a song that will become the National Anthem. 5 August O G attends unveiling of patriotic monument in Auteuil along with Condorcet and Siéyes; she is given a passport to allow her to tour the provinces with a theatre group so was absent for 10 August insurrection in Paris, royal family chased out of Tuileries and forced to seek sanctuary in National Assembly. Following these events O G begins a play <span class="red italic">La France sauvée, ou le Tryan détrôné</span>; never finished and not remotely royalist it was nonetheless used against her in her trial. 13 August royal family imprisoned in Temple. Robespierre proposes a popular tribunal but is refused. Dumouriez heads Army of the North. By end August 30,000 or more people imprisoned in Paris and guillotine used for first time. Mme de Stael flees France. Early September Parisian crowds massacre prisoners; O G one of few to respond with <span class="red italic">La Fierté de l’Innocence, ou le Silence du véritable Patriotisme</span>. 13 September O G comes to Legislative Assembly with an old man she had saved from prison massacres begging for his freedom; it was granted, her eloquence and courage had moved the deputies. 22 September year 1 of the republic is declared. 25 September the republic is decreed one and indivisible. In October political divisions reach new heights; O G produces <span class="red italic">Les Fantômes de l’opinion publique</span> denouncing the factions and attacking Marat. A Jacobin Bourdon de l’Oise accuses O G of being a royalist and Louis XV’s bastard. 28 October Louvet accuses Robespierre of seeking dictatorship; prior to Robespierre’s response on 5 November O G placards <span class="red italic">Pronostic sur Maximilien Robespierre, par un animal amphibie</span> all over Paris; Robespierre brilliantly defended his corner, O G replied with <span class="red italic">Réponse à la justification de Maximilien Robespierre</span>. In response to Bourdon she wrote <span class="red italic">Correspondance de la cour. Compte moral rendu par Olympe de Gouges sur une dénonciation faite sur son civisme aux Jacobins par le sieur Bourdon</span>. 14 November Dumouriez entered Brussels, O G writes in four days a play celebrating the event <span class="red italic">L’Entrée de Dumouriez à Bruxelles ou les vivandiers</span>; 19 November the Convention vows to help any country seeking freedom ; 20 armoire de fer discovered at Tuileries implicating Mirabeau and proving that Louis XVI had sought the help of other sovereigns. 15 December O G writes to Assembly offering to defend the king at his trial as all men deserve a fair trial, she is refused, heedless of the warnings that she has powerful enemies she placards her letter as <span class="red italic">Olympe de Gouges défenseur officieux de Louis Capet</span>. An armed gang assembles outside her flat, she comes down to talk to them and through her humour and courage narrowly avoids decapitation at the hands of an armed man holding her tight. She decides to abandon politics writing <span class="red italic">Mon dernier mot à mes chers amis</span> but the imminent death of Louis Capet obliges her to write <span class="red italic">Adresse au don Quichotte du Nord</span>. Also written in 1792 <span class="red italic">Dédicace à la Providence ; Invocation à la Providence ; Abrégé de la vie de l’auteur ; Maximes d’Olympe de Gouges</span>. Grandson born in 1792.</li> <li><strong>1793</strong> 17 January Louis Capet condemned to death; 18 January O G produces red poster <span class="red italic">Arrêt de mort que présente Olympe de Gouges contre Louis Capet</span>. 21 January king guillotined. 22 January Roland resigns. 23 January first night of <span class="red italic">L’Entrée de Dumouriez à Bruxelles ou les vivandiers</span>; production delayed from 1792; coincides with king’s death; this and OG’s presumed royalism ensured its failure. 1 February war declared on England. 7 March war declared on Spain. 10 March Fouquier-Tinville heads Revolutionary Tribunal. Insurrection in the Vendée. Facing the real threat of civil war O G writes <span class="red italic">Avis pressant à la Convention, par une vraie Républicaine</span>. 20 March she is attacked in the street but evades her assassins (presumed to be associates of Laclos); in <span class="red italic">Union, courage, surveillance, et la République est sauvée</span> O G accuses Laclos and Philippe Égalité of betraying revolution ; latter arrested 3 April. 29 March law passed making it treasonable and punishable by death to support any government other than republic, one and indivisible. O G publishes two volume <span class="red italic">Œuvres politiques</span> originally dedicated to Philippe Égalité but now to Parisian journalists. 6 April Committee of Public Safety created. Girondins and Montagnards more divided than ever. In May O G’s son wounded in battle, she fears his death; visits daughter-in-law and grandson in Touraine and arranges to buy local cottage as a retreat from the tumult in Paris. O G starts work on pamphlet <span class="red italic">Le Combat à mort des trois gouvernements</span> in which she suggests a democratic choice of government; very dangerous territory. May and June see insurrections throughout France. 2 June Convention votes to arrest 29 Girondin deputies; Roland flees, his wife is arrested. Appalled by the turn of events O G returns to Paris publishing a pamphlet <span class="red italic">Testament politique d’Olympe de Gouges</span> defending the Girondins. Returning to Tours to purchase cottage 1 July O G puts finishing touches to pamphlet <span class="red italic">Le Combat</span>. 13 July Charlotte Corday assassinates Marat. Returning to Paris O G publishes <span class="red italic">Le Combat as poster Les Trois Urnes, ou le Salut de la Patrie par un voyageur aérien</span>. 17 July Corday guillotined. 20 July O G arrested; 22 July she voluntarily accompanies gendarmes to take papers from her home; in August she manages to smuggle placard out of prison <span class="red italic">Olympe de Gouges au Tribunale révolutionnaire</span> detailing the horrors of her incarceration. 27 July Robespierre elected to Committee of Public Safety; a month later he is elected president of the Convention. In September O G smuggles out further placard <span class="red italic">Une Patriote persécutée à la Convention nationale</span> in which she courageously throws down the gauntlet to her enemies. 16 October Marie-Antoinette guillotined. Despite being transferred to a form of open prison O G does not seek to escape; she claims to be pregnant, this is not accepted. 28 October O G transferred to Conciergerie, ante-chamber of the guillotine for so many. 31 October Girondins guillotined. 2 November O G tried and condemned to death. 3 November O G guillotined. 8 November Mme Roland guillotined. 14 November O G’s son Pierre Aubry formally disowns his mother. </li> <li><strong>1794</strong> 4 February slavery abolished (reinstated by Napoleon in May 1802).</li> <li><strong>1795</strong> April Pierre Aubry asks the Convention to rehabilitate his mother, giving them the two volumes of her <span class="red italic">Œuvres politiques</span>; took the name Aubry de Gouges. Attempted, but failed, to inherit his mother’s property; it had been claimed by the state at her death.</li> <li><strong>1796</strong> Pierre Aubry de Gouges marries his companion following birth of second child.</li> <li><strong>1801</strong> Sent by Bonaparte to command troops in Guyana, a form of exile possibly motivated by the emperor’s distaste for a son who seemingly disowned his mother. </li> <li><strong>1802</strong> Pierre Aubry de Gouges in Cayenne where ironically the slavery his mother fought against had been re-established. </li> <li><strong>1803</strong> 7 February Pierre Aubry de Gouges dies from fever. </li> <li><strong>1848</strong> Slavery abolished in totality of French territory.</li> <li><strong>1944</strong> April French women given the vote for first time.</li> <li><strong>1965</strong> Married women entitled to rights over their intellectual property which had previously belonged to their husbands; O G, Colette, Flora Tristan, George Sand and numerous other women writers had struggled to maintain their author’s rights.</li> <li><strong>1981</strong> 9 October death penalty abolished in France.</li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class = "art-content-layout-br layout-item-0"> </div> <!-- <div class = "art-content-layout"> <div class = "art-content-layout-row"> <div class = "art-layout-cell layout-item-1" style = "width: 100%"> <div class = "kt"> <p>Content for second row</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> --> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> </div> <footer class = "art-footer clearfix"> <p style="font-weight:bold;">Play Added April 2020 <a style="color:red;" href="/api/v1/web-embed/proxy?proxyUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20211105085902%2Fhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.olympedegouges.eu%2Fdumouriez.php&mode=full"> L'Entrée de Dumourier à Bruxelles, ou les vivandiers (1793)</a></p><p style="font-weight:bold;">Play Added December 2019 <a style="color:red;" href="/api/v1/web-embed/proxy?proxyUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20211105085902%2Fhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.olympedegouges.eu%2Fmirabeau_champs.php&mode=full"> Mirabeau au Champs-Élisées (1791)</a></p><p style="font-weight:bold";">Play Added February 2019 <a style="color:red" href="/api/v1/web-embed/proxy?proxyUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20211105085902%2Fhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.olympedegouges.eu%2Fdemosandaristos.php&mode=full">Les Démocrates et Les Aristocrates(1790)</a></p><p><a href="/api/v1/web-embed/proxy?proxyUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20211105085902%2Fhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.olympedegouges.eu%2Fterms.php&mode=full">Terms & Conditions</a> | <a href="/api/v1/web-embed/proxy?proxyUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20211105085902%2Fhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.olympedegouges.eu%2Fcookies.php&mode=full">Cookies</a> | <a href="/api/v1/web-embed/proxy?proxyUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20211105085902%2Fhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.olympedegouges.eu%2Fcontact.php&mode=full">Contact Us</a></p><p>Copyright © 2013 - 2021 Clarissa Palmer. 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