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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en" data-ws-project="c9ee1d40-bb90-45ec-8ffe-deada10629df" data-ws-version="2783" data-ws-last-published="2026-08-23T12:32:05.455Z"><head><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/assets/static/app_generated_index-6937cd5a.DdaUlTnW.css"><meta charSet="UTF-8"/><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"/><link rel="icon" href="/assets/favicon_MxJdcsW9bJsq-zd8osHjF.ico"/><link rel="preload" href="/assets/Nunito-VariableFont_wght_ewyymLm-PSZppKInuSfzo.ttf" as="font" crossorigin="anonymous"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://url/tmptransit"/><meta property="og:title" content="Méthode - Public Transport Usability"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:site_name" content="Méthode"/><meta name="description" content="Find out about your cities' public network usability."/><meta property="og:description" content="Find out about your cities' public network usability."/><meta property="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/><title>Méthode - Public Transport Usability</title><script type="application/ld+json">{
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</script></head><body class="w-element"><div class="w-html-embed">
<meta charset="UTF-8">
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<title>The Legible City — A Usability Audit of Twelve Metro Networks</title>
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<header class="masthead">
<div class="wrap">
<div class="eyebrow">
<span class="dot"></span>
<span>Paper breakdown · Transit Quarterly · Vol. 14</span>
<span class="badge-mock">⚠ All data mocked — placeholder for the published study</span>
</div>
<h1 class="title">The <span class="accentline">Legible</span> City</h1>
<p class="subtitle">A usability audit of twelve metro networks — what makes a transit system easy to ride, not just fast to build.</p>
<div class="byline">
<span><b>A. Okafor</b> · Urban Systems Lab</span>
<span><b>M. Lindqvist</b> · KTH Mobility</span>
<span><b>R. Tanaka</b> · Tokyo Inst. of Transit</span>
<span>DOI 10.0000/mock.2026.114</span>
</div>
<div class="colorstrip" id="colorstrip" aria-hidden="true"></div>
</div>
</header>
<nav class="routemap" aria-label="Sections of this breakdown">
<div class="routemap-inner">
<div class="route" id="route"></div>
</div>
</nav>
<!-- ============ EXPLORER ============ -->
<section class="explorer" id="explorer">
<div class="wrap">
<div class="sec-head">
<span class="sec-kicker">Interactive · Fig. 1</span>
<h2 class="sec-title">Twelve networks, six measures</h2>
</div>
<p class="sec-lede">Each city is scored 0–100 on the six usability dimensions of the index. Select up to three cities to overlay their profiles — then switch views: the radar shows shape, the line map shows rank trajectories, the score board shows everything at once.</p>
<div class="explorer-grid">
<div id="figs">
<div class="figtabs" role="tablist" aria-label="Chart type">
<button class="figtab" data-fig="radar" role="tab" aria-selected="true">Radar</button>
<button class="figtab" data-fig="bump" role="tab" aria-selected="false">Metric line map</button>
<button class="figtab" data-fig="heat" role="tab" aria-selected="false">Score board</button>
<button class="figtab" data-fig="board" role="tab" aria-selected="false">Departures</button>
</div>
<div class="radar-card" id="fig-radar">
<svg id="radar" viewBox="0 0 560 520" role="img" aria-label="Radar chart of usability scores by dimension for the selected cities"></svg>
<div class="radar-foot">
<span>SCALE 0–100 · OUTER RING = 100</span>
<span>HOVER A VERTEX FOR VALUES</span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="radar-card fig-hidden" id="fig-bump">
<svg id="bump" viewBox="0 0 560 560" role="img" aria-label="Bump chart showing each city's rank across the overall index and the six dimensions, routed like metro lines"></svg>
<div class="radar-foot">
<span>RANK 1 = BEST · ROUTED LIKE A METRO MAP</span>
<span>HOVER TO ISOLATE · CLICK TO SELECT</span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="radar-card fig-hidden" id="fig-heat">
<svg id="heat" viewBox="0 0 580 500" role="img" aria-label="Heat map of all scores for all cities, sortable by column"></svg>
<div class="radar-foot">
<span>DARKER CELL = HIGHER SCORE</span>
<span>CLICK A COLUMN TO SORT · CLICK A CITY TO SELECT</span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="fig-hidden" id="fig-board" role="region" aria-label="Departure-board style ranking of the twelve cities">
<div class="board-head">
<span>DEPARTURES · USABILITY RANKING</span>
<span id="boardClock">--<span class="blink">:</span>--<span class="blink">:</span>--</span>
</div>
<div class="board-rows" id="boardRows"></div>
<div class="board-foot">
<span>TAP A SERVICE TO LOAD IT INTO THE CHARTS</span>
<span>MOCK SERVICE INFORMATION</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="chips-head">
<span class="h">Pick your lines</span>
<span class="hint">UP TO 3 · CLICK TO TOGGLE</span>
</div>
<div class="chips" id="chips" role="group" aria-label="City selection"></div>
<div class="selected-legend" id="legend"></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="indexline">
<div class="sec-head">
<span class="sec-kicker">Fig. 2</span>
<h2 class="sec-title" style="font-size:clamp(22px,2.6vw,30px)">The Index Line — overall scores</h2>
</div>
<p class="sec-lede" style="font-size:17px">Every city placed on one line by its composite score. Click a station to load it into the radar above.</p>
<div class="frame" style="margin-top:18px">
<svg id="idxline" viewBox="0 0 1000 150" role="img" aria-label="All twelve cities positioned along a horizontal line by overall usability score"></svg>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<!-- ============ ARGUMENT MAP ============ -->
<section class="explorer" id="argmap-sec" style="padding-top:16px">
<div class="wrap">
<div class="sec-head">
<span class="sec-kicker">Fig. 3</span>
<h2 class="sec-title" style="font-size:clamp(24px,3vw,34px)">Map of the argument</h2>
</div>
<p class="sec-lede" style="font-size:17px">The paper itself, drawn as a network. The spine carries you from the research question to the conclusions; each finding is its own line, branching at The Index and reconverging at Terminus. Click any station to travel there.</p>
<div class="argmap-frame">
<svg id="argmap" viewBox="0 118 1000 326" role="img" aria-label="Schematic metro-style map of the paper's structure, with one line per finding and clickable stations"></svg>
</div>
<div class="argmap-legend" id="argLegend" aria-label="Lines on the argument map"></div>
</div>
</section>
<!-- ============ ARTICLE ============ -->
<main class="article wrap" id="article">
<svg id="lineCanvas" aria-hidden="true"></svg>
<section class="station-sec" id="s-origin" style="--lc:#DC241F">
<span class="station-node" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<div class="station-head">
<span class="station-tag">Station 1 · Origin</span>
<h3 class="station-title">Why usability, not speed?</h3>
</div>
<p>For half a century, transit benchmarking has fixated on engineering quantities: kilometres of track, commercial speed, peak throughput. Yet riders abandon systems that score brilliantly on all three. The paper opens with a simple provocation — a metro is an interface, and like any interface it can be powerful and unusable at the same time.</p>
<p>The authors frame the rider's journey as a chain of micro-decisions: which entrance, which line, which direction, which exit. Every ambiguous sign, missed connection, or surprise closure adds cognitive load. The study's central claim is that this load is measurable, comparable across cities, and — crucially — cheaper to fix than building new tunnels.</p>
<blockquote class="pull">
“We do not ride networks. We ride our mental model of them — and some cities hand you a far better model than others.”
<footer>— Section 1.2, framing statement</footer>
</blockquote>
</section>
<section class="station-sec" id="s-index" style="--lc:#F39700">
<span class="station-node" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<div class="station-head">
<span class="station-tag">Station 2 · The Index</span>
<h3 class="station-title">Six measures of a rideable network</h3>
</div>
<p>The Transit Network Usability Index (TNUI) aggregates six dimensions, each scored 0–100 from a mix of field audits, GTFS feeds, and a 4,800-rider survey panel. The dimensions were chosen so that no single one can be maxed out by spending alone — design discipline matters as much as budget.</p>
<div class="metric-grid" id="metricGrid"></div>
<p>Scores are normalised within the sample, so an 80 means “among the best of these twelve,” not an absolute grade. The composite is an unweighted mean — the authors tested weighted variants and report that rankings barely moved.</p>
</section>
<section class="station-sec" id="s-f1" style="--lc:#F2C500">
<span class="station-node" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<div class="station-head">
<span class="station-tag">Station 3 · Finding 01</span>
<h3 class="station-title">Legibility beats speed</h3>
</div>
<p>The headline result: across the panel, perceived journey quality correlates more strongly with legibility (r = .71) than with commercial speed (r = .34). Riders in highly legible systems — London, Singapore, Seoul — consistently underestimated their travel time; riders in confusing ones overestimated it by up to a fifth.</p>
<div class="callout">
<div class="big">−38%</div>
<div class="cap">FEWER WAYFINDING ERRORS PER JOURNEY in the top-quartile legibility cities, after controlling for network size and rider familiarity. (Mock figure.)</div>
</div>
<p>The mechanism is mundane and powerful: consistent line identities, decision-point signage, and a map that survives being redrawn from memory. New York's score suffers not from complexity itself but from inconsistency — express patterns that change by time of day are, in usability terms, an interface that rearranges its own buttons.</p>
</section>
<section class="station-sec" id="s-f2" style="--lc:#00A84D">
<span class="station-node" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<div class="station-head">
<span class="station-tag">Station 4 · Finding 02</span>
<h3 class="station-title">Frequency is freedom</h3>
</div>
<p>The second finding concerns the timetable — or rather, its disappearance. Below a six-minute headway, riders stop consulting schedules entirely and treat the network as “always there.” The paper calls this the show-up threshold, and it behaves like a phase change: satisfaction climbs gently as frequency improves, then jumps once the threshold is crossed.</p>
<div class="callout">
<div class="big">< 6 min</div>
<div class="cap">THE SHOW-UP THRESHOLD — the headway below which surveyed riders no longer plan around departures. Tokyo, Paris and Seoul run most of their cores beneath it all day. (Mock figure.)</div>
</div>
<p>Frequency also compounds with the other dimensions: a missed transfer costs little when the next train is three minutes away, so high-frequency systems get a hidden discount on their transfer penalty. This interaction is why Paris ranks above London overall despite a lower legibility score.</p>
</section>
<section class="station-sec" id="s-f3" style="--lc:#0091D2">
<span class="station-node" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<div class="station-head">
<span class="station-tag">Station 5 · Finding 03</span>
<h3 class="station-title">The transfer tax</h3>
</div>
<p>Transfers are where networks quietly leak users. Using stated-preference experiments, the study prices the perceived cost of a single interchange — the walking, the waiting, and above all the uncertainty.</p>
<div class="callout">
<div class="big">+9 min</div>
<div class="cap">PERCEIVED TIME COST OF ONE TRANSFER, averaged across cities — even when the actual interchange takes under four minutes. Cross-platform transfers cut the penalty by more than half. (Mock figure.)</div>
</div>
<p>The design implication is blunt: a cross-platform interchange is worth several minutes of pure speed elsewhere on the line. Madrid and Singapore, both built late enough to learn this, engineer same-platform transfers aggressively and it shows directly in their scores.</p>
<blockquote class="pull">
“Riders forgive a slow train. They do not forgive a connection they cannot trust.”
<footer>— Section 5.4, discussion</footer>
</blockquote>
</section>
<section class="station-sec" id="s-equity" style="--lc:#6E51C8">
<span class="station-node" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<div class="station-head">
<span class="station-tag">Station 6 · Equity</span>
<h3 class="station-title">Who is the network for?</h3>
</div>
<p>The accessibility dimension exposes the widest gap in the whole index — wider than coverage, wider than affordability. Step-free access ranges from near-universal in Singapore and Stockholm's newer sections to under half of stations in the oldest legacy systems.</p>
<div class="gap-list" id="gapList" aria-label="Accessibility scores for selected cities"></div>
<p>The authors argue accessibility is the truest usability test: a network that works for a wheelchair user, a parent with a stroller, and a first-time visitor reading a foreign alphabet is simply a network that works. Affordability tells the complementary story — Mexico City posts the sample's best fare-to-wage ratio, a reminder that usability is also about who can afford to show up at the gate.</p>
</section>
<section class="station-sec" id="s-terminus" style="--lc:#15181F">
<span class="station-node" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<div class="station-head">
<span class="station-tag">Station 7 · Terminus</span>
<h3 class="station-title">What cities should do on Monday</h3>
</div>
<p>The paper closes with a deliberately unglamorous agenda. None of the top interventions involve tunnelling; all of them involve treating the rider's attention as the scarcest resource in the system.</p>
<div class="terminus-box">
<h5>The authors' four-point platform</h5>
<ol>
<li><b>Audit signage at decision points,</b> not station-wide — fix the 40 worst junctions first.</li>
<li><b>Buy frequency before coverage</b> until the core network crosses the show-up threshold.</li>
<li><b>Price transfers honestly</b> in planning models — at their perceived cost, not their clock cost.</li>
<li><b>Publish an accessibility ledger</b> per station, updated quarterly, so the gap is visible.</li>
</ol>
</div>
<p>Seoul's first-place finish, the authors note, is not a story of wealth — several richer systems trail it — but of relentless interface discipline applied over twenty years. Usability, the paper concludes, is a policy choice, made one sign, one timetable, and one platform at a time.</p>
</section>
</main>
<footer class="site-foot">
<div class="wrap">
<div class="l"><span class="dot"></span><span>END OF LINE · ALIGHT HERE</span></div>
<div class="l">MOCK DATA — FOR LAYOUT REVIEW ONLY · 2026</div>
</div>
</footer>
<div class="tip" id="tip" role="status" aria-hidden="true"></div>
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a.className='stop';a.href='#'+s.id;a.dataset.target=s.id;
a.innerHTML='<span class="tick"></span><span class="lbl">'+s.lbl+'</span>';
route.appendChild(a);
});
/* ================= Radar ================= */
let selected=['Seoul','Paris','New York'];
const radar=document.getElementById('radar');
const CX=280, CY=252, R=176, N=METRICS.length;
function pt(i,val){ // val 0..100
const ang=-Math.PI/2 + i*2*Math.PI/N;
const r=R*val/100;
return [CX+r*Math.cos(ang), CY+r*Math.sin(ang)];
}
function drawRadar(){
radar.innerHTML='';
// rings
for(let ring=20;ring<=100;ring+=20){
const pts=[];for(let i=0;i<N;i++)pts.push(pt(i,ring).join(','));
el('polygon',{points:pts.join(' '),fill:ring===100?'#FAFAF6':'none',stroke:'#E3E2DC','stroke-width':ring===100?1.5:1,'stroke-dasharray':ring===100?'none':'3 4'},radar);
}
// re-draw outer fill behind: move filled outer first
// axes
for(let i=0;i<N;i++){
const [x,y]=pt(i,100);
el('line',{x1:CX,y1:CY,x2:x,y2:y,stroke:'#E3E2DC','stroke-width':1},radar);
}
// axis labels
METRICS.forEach((m,i)=>{
const [x,y]=pt(i,118);
const t=el('text',{x,y,'text-anchor':'middle','dominant-baseline':'middle',fill:'#4C5160',
style:'font-family:Archivo,sans-serif;font-weight:700;font-size:13px;letter-spacing:.04em'},radar);
t.textContent=m.label.toUpperCase();
const dot=el('circle',{cx:x,cy:y+16,r:4,fill:m.c},radar);
if(i===0)dot.setAttribute('cy',y-16);
});
// ring scale numbers
[20,40,60,80,100].forEach(v=>{
const t=el('text',{x:CX+6,y:CY-R*v/100-4,fill:'#B6B4AC',style:'font-family:"IBM Plex Mono",monospace;font-size:10px'},radar);
t.textContent=v;
});
// city polygons
selected.forEach(name=>{
const c=CITIES.find(x=>x.name===name);
const pts=METRICS.map((m,i)=>pt(i,c.s[m.key]));
el('polygon',{points:pts.map(p=>p.join(',')).join(' '),fill:c.c,'fill-opacity':.13,stroke:c.c,'stroke-width':2.5,'stroke-linejoin':'round'},radar);
pts.forEach((p,i)=>{
const v=el('circle',{cx:p[0],cy:p[1],r:5,fill:'#fff',stroke:c.c,'stroke-width':3,style:'cursor:pointer'},radar);
const hit=el('circle',{cx:p[0],cy:p[1],r:13,fill:'transparent',style:'cursor:pointer'},radar);
const handler=e=>{showTip('<b>'+c.name+'</b> · '+METRICS[i].label+': <b>'+c.s[METRICS[i].key]+'</b>',e.clientX,e.clientY);v.setAttribute('r',7);};
hit.addEventListener('mousemove',handler);
hit.addEventListener('mouseleave',()=>{hideTip();v.setAttribute('r',5);});
});
});
}
/* ================= Chips & legend ================= */
const chips=document.getElementById('chips');
const legend=document.getElementById('legend');
function drawChips(){
chips.innerHTML='';
CITIES.forEach(c=>{
const b=document.createElement('button');
b.className='chip';b.type='button';
b.style.setProperty('--c',c.c);
b.setAttribute('aria-pressed',selected.includes(c.name));
b.innerHTML='<span class="roundel"></span><span>'+c.name+'</span><span class="score">'+c.overall.toFixed(1)+'</span>';
b.addEventListener('click',()=>toggleCity(c.name));
chips.appendChild(b);
});
legend.innerHTML='';
selected.forEach(name=>{
const c=CITIES.find(x=>x.name===name);
const r=document.createElement('div');r.className='leg-row';
r.innerHTML='<span class="bar" style="background:'+c.c+'"></span><span class="nm">'+c.name+'</span><span class="ov">TNUI <b>'+c.overall.toFixed(1)+'</b> / 100</span>';
legend.appendChild(r);
});
}
function toggleCity(name){
if(selected.includes(name)){
if(selected.length>1)selected=selected.filter(n=>n!==name);
}else{
selected.push(name);
if(selected.length>3)selected.shift();
}
drawRadar();drawChips();drawGaps();drawBump();drawHeat();drawBoard();
}
/* ================= Index line ================= */
const idx=document.getElementById('idxline');
function drawIndexLine(){
idx.innerHTML='';
const X0=60,X1=940,Y=58,MIN=60,MAX=90;
const x=v=>X0+(v-MIN)/(MAX-MIN)*(X1-X0);
// ticks
for(let v=MIN;v<=MAX;v+=10){
el('line',{x1:x(v),y1:Y-20,x2:x(v),y2:Y+16,stroke:'#E3E2DC','stroke-width':1},idx);
const t=el('text',{x:x(v),y:Y-28,'text-anchor':'middle',fill:'#B6B4AC',style:'font-family:"IBM Plex Mono",monospace;font-size:11px'},idx);
t.textContent=v;
}
// main line
el('line',{x1:X0-18,y1:Y,x2:X1+18,y2:Y,stroke:'#15181F','stroke-width':6,'stroke-linecap':'round'},idx);
// arrow label
const dir=el('text',{x:X1+18,y:Y+36,'text-anchor':'end',fill:'#4C5160',style:'font-family:Archivo,sans-serif;font-weight:700;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.12em'},idx);
dir.textContent='MORE USABLE →';
// nodes sorted to alternate label rows on crowding
const sorted=[...CITIES].sort((a,b)=>a.overall-b.overall);
sorted.forEach((c,i)=>{
const cx=x(c.overall);
const g=el('g',{class:'idx-node',tabindex:0,role:'button','aria-label':c.name+', overall score '+c.overall.toFixed(1)},idx);
el('circle',{class:'outer',cx,cy:Y,r:9,fill:'#fff',stroke:c.c,'stroke-width':5},g);
const above=i%2===0;
const ly=above?Y+34:Y-44; // label start (rotated)
const t=el('text',{x:cx,y:above?Y+30:Y-26,fill:'#15181F','text-anchor':above?'end':'start',
transform:'rotate('+(above?-42:-42)+' '+cx+' '+(above?Y+30:Y-26)+')',
style:'font-family:Archivo,sans-serif;font-weight:700;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:.06em'},g);
t.textContent=c.code;
const move=e=>showTip('<b>'+c.name+'</b> · TNUI <b>'+c.overall.toFixed(1)+'</b>',e.clientX,e.clientY);
g.addEventListener('mousemove',move);
g.addEventListener('mouseleave',hideTip);
const act=()=>{ if(!selected.includes(c.name))toggleCity(c.name);
document.getElementById('figs').scrollIntoView({behavior:'smooth',block:'center'}); };
g.addEventListener('click',act);
g.addEventListener('keydown',e=>{if(e.key==='Enter'||e.key===' '){e.preventDefault();act();}});
});
}
/* ================= Figure tabs ================= */
const FIGS=['radar','bump','heat','board'];
function switchFig(name){
FIGS.forEach(f=>{
document.getElementById('fig-'+f).classList.toggle('fig-hidden',f!==name);
document.querySelector('.figtab[data-fig="'+f+'"]').setAttribute('aria-selected',String(f===name));
});
}
document.querySelectorAll('.figtab').forEach(b=>b.addEventListener('click',()=>switchFig(b.dataset.fig)));
/* ================= Bump chart — the metric line map ================= */
const bump=document.getElementById('bump');
const BCOLS=[{key:'overall',label:'TNUI · Overall',c:'#15181F'},...METRICS.map(m=>({key:m.key,label:m.label,c:m.c}))];
function cityVal(c,key){return key==='overall'?c.overall:c.s[key];}
function rankTable(){
const t={};
BCOLS.forEach(col=>{
[...CITIES].sort((a,b)=>cityVal(b,col.key)-cityVal(a,col.key))
.forEach((c,i)=>{(t[c.name]=t[c.name]||{})[col.key]=i+1;});
});
return t;
}
function elbowSeg(x1,y1,x2,y2){
if(y1===y2)return' L'+x2+' '+y2;
const mx=(x1+x2)/2,s=y2>y1?1:-1;
const r=Math.min(9,Math.abs(y2-y1)/2,(x2-x1)/2);
return' L'+(mx-r)+' '+y1+' Q'+mx+' '+y1+' '+mx+' '+(y1+s*r)
+' L'+mx+' '+(y2-s*r)+' Q'+mx+' '+y2+' '+(mx+r)+' '+y2+' L'+x2+' '+y2;
}
let bumpFocus=null;
function drawBump(){
bump.innerHTML='';
const X0=92,X1=474,TOP=112,BOT=520;
const xs=BCOLS.map((_,i)=>X0+i*(X1-X0)/(BCOLS.length-1));
const ys=r=>TOP+(r-1)*(BOT-TOP)/11;
const ranks=rankTable();
BCOLS.forEach((col,i)=>{
el('line',{x1:xs[i],y1:TOP-12,x2:xs[i],y2:BOT+12,stroke:'#EEEDE7','stroke-width':1.5},bump);
el('circle',{cx:xs[i],cy:TOP-22,r:4,fill:col.c},bump);
const t=el('text',{x:xs[i]+2,y:TOP-36,'text-anchor':'start',fill:'#4C5160',
transform:'rotate(-34 '+(xs[i]+2)+' '+(TOP-36)+')',
style:'font-family:Archivo,sans-serif;font-weight:700;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:.05em'},bump);
t.textContent=col.label.toUpperCase();
});
for(let r=1;r<=12;r++){
const t=el('text',{x:30,y:ys(r)+3,'text-anchor':'middle',fill:'#B6B4AC',
style:'font-family:"IBM Plex Mono",monospace;font-size:10px'},bump);
t.textContent=r;
}
const order=[...CITIES].sort((a,b)=>{
const w=c=>(bumpFocus===c.name?2:selected.includes(c.name)?1:0);
return w(a)-w(b);
});
order.forEach(c=>{
const pts=BCOLS.map((col,i)=>[xs[i],ys(ranks[c.name][col.key])]);
const focusOn=bumpFocus===c.name, sel=selected.includes(c.name);
const op=bumpFocus?(focusOn?1:0.1):(sel?1:0.3);
const w=(focusOn||sel)?4.5:2.5;
const g=el('g',{opacity:op,'pointer-events':'none'},bump);
let d='M'+pts[0][0]+' '+pts[0][1];
for(let i=1;i<pts.length;i++)d+=elbowSeg(pts[i-1][0],pts[i-1][1],pts[i][0],pts[i][1]);
el('path',{d,fill:'none',stroke:c.c,'stroke-width':w,'stroke-linecap':'round','stroke-linejoin':'round'},g);
pts.forEach(p=>el('circle',{cx:p[0],cy:p[1],r:(focusOn||sel)?4:2.6,fill:'#fff',stroke:c.c,'stroke-width':(focusOn||sel)?2.5:1.6},g));
const lt=el('text',{x:X0-14,y:pts[0][1]+4,'text-anchor':'end',fill:c.c,
style:'font-family:Archivo,sans-serif;font-weight:800;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:.04em'},g);
lt.textContent=c.code;
const rt=el('text',{x:X1+14,y:pts[pts.length-1][1]+4,'text-anchor':'start',fill:c.c,
style:'font-family:Archivo,sans-serif;font-weight:800;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:.04em'},g);
rt.textContent=c.code;
let hd='M'+pts[0][0]+' '+pts[0][1];
for(let i=1;i<pts.length;i++)hd+=' L'+pts[i][0]+' '+pts[i][1];
const hit=el('path',{d:hd,fill:'none',stroke:'transparent','stroke-width':16,style:'cursor:pointer'},bump);
hit.addEventListener('mousemove',e=>{
if(bumpFocus!==c.name){bumpFocus=c.name;drawBump();}
showTip('<b>'+c.name+'</b> · overall rank <b>#'+ranks[c.name].overall+'</b> · TNUI '+c.overall.toFixed(1),e.clientX,e.clientY);
});
hit.addEventListener('mouseleave',()=>{bumpFocus=null;hideTip();drawBump();});
hit.addEventListener('click',()=>toggleCity(c.name));
});
}
/* ================= Heatmap — the score board ================= */
const heat=document.getElementById('heat');
let heatSort='overall';
const HCOLS=[
{key:'overall',ab:'TNUI',c:'#15181F'},
{key:'legibility',ab:'LEG',c:'#DC241F'},
{key:'frequency',ab:'FRQ',c:'#F39700'},
{key:'coverage',ab:'COV',c:'#F2C500'},
{key:'transfers',ab:'TRF',c:'#00A84D'},
{key:'accessibility',ab:'ACC',c:'#0091D2'},
{key:'affordability',ab:'AFF',c:'#6E51C8'},
];
function drawHeat(){
heat.innerHTML='';
const LX=148,TOP=72,CW=56,GP=5,CH=30,RG=5;
const rows=[...CITIES].sort((a,b)=>cityVal(b,heatSort)-cityVal(a,heatSort));
HCOLS.forEach((h,i)=>{
const x=LX+i*(CW+GP)+CW/2;
const g=el('g',{style:'cursor:pointer',role:'button','aria-label':'Sort by '+h.ab},heat);
el('rect',{x:x-CW/2,y:TOP-58,width:CW,height:52,fill:'transparent'},g);
el('circle',{cx:x,cy:TOP-46,r:4.5,fill:h.c},g);
const t=el('text',{x,y:TOP-24,'text-anchor':'middle',fill:heatSort===h.key?'#15181F':'#8A8E9B',
style:'font-family:Archivo,sans-serif;font-weight:800;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.08em'},g);
t.textContent=h.ab;
if(heatSort===h.key){
const a=el('text',{x,y:TOP-10,'text-anchor':'middle',fill:'#15181F',style:'font-size:9px'},g);
a.textContent='▼';
}
g.addEventListener('click',()=>{heatSort=h.key;drawHeat();});
});
rows.forEach((c,ri)=>{
const y=TOP+ri*(CH+RG);
const sel=selected.includes(c.name);
el('circle',{cx:18,cy:y+CH/2,r:5.5,fill:sel?c.c:'#fff',stroke:c.c,'stroke-width':3},heat);
const nm=el('text',{x:32,y:y+CH/2+4,fill:sel?'#15181F':'#4C5160',
style:'font-family:Archivo,sans-serif;font-weight:'+(sel?800:600)+';font-size:12px;cursor:pointer'},heat);
nm.textContent=c.name;
nm.addEventListener('click',()=>toggleCity(c.name));
HCOLS.forEach((h,i)=>{
const v=cityVal(c,h.key);
const x=LX+i*(CW+GP);
const o=Math.max(.07,Math.min(1,(v-35)/58));
el('rect',{x,y,width:CW,height:CH,rx:7,fill:h.c,'fill-opacity':o},heat);
const light=(h.key==='coverage');
const tx=el('text',{x:x+CW/2,y:y+CH/2+4,'text-anchor':'middle',
fill:(!light&&o>.55)?'#fff':'#15181F',
style:'font-family:"IBM Plex Mono",monospace;font-size:11px;font-weight:600'},heat);
tx.textContent=h.key==='overall'?Math.round(v):v;
});
});
}
/* ================= Departures board ================= */
const boardRows=document.getElementById('boardRows');
function bestMetric(c){let bk=METRICS[0];METRICS.forEach(m=>{if(c.s[m.key]>c.s[bk.key])bk=m;});return bk;}
function drawBoard(){
boardRows.innerHTML='';