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Arbitrariness and iconicity: Historical change in American Sign Language

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 March 2026

Nancy Frishberg
Nancy Frishberg*
Affiliation:
National Technical Institute for the Deaf, Rochester, New York
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Abstract

Grammarians since Saussure have insisted that language symbols are arbitrary, though conventionalized, in form. Sign languages in general, however, and American Sign Language (ASL) in particular, have been noted for their pantomimic or iconic nature. This paper examines some historical processes in ASL, and shows that there is a strong tendency for signs to change in the direction of arbitrariness, rather than maintaining a level of iconicity. Changes at the formational level can be seen as contributing to language-internal consistency, at the expense of transparency.

Information

Type
Research Article
Information
Language , Volume 51 , Issue 3 , September 1975 , pp. 696 - 719
Copyright
Copyright © 1975 Linguistic Society of America

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