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std::ranges::includes

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Algorithm library
Constrained algorithms and algorithms on ranges (C++20)
Constrained algorithms, e.g. ranges::copy, ranges::sort, ...
Non-modifying sequence operations    
Batch operations
(C++17)
Search operations
Modifying sequence operations
Copy operations
(C++11)
(C++11)
Swap operations
Transformation operations
Generation operations
Removing operations
Order-changing operations
(until C++17)(C++11)
(C++20)(C++20)
Sampling operations
(C++17)

Sorting and related operations
Partitioning operations
(C++11)    

Sorting operations
Binary search operations
(on partitioned ranges)
Set operations (on sorted ranges)
Merge operations (on sorted ranges)
Heap operations
Minimum/maximum operations
(C++11)
(C++17)
Lexicographical comparison operations
Permutation operations


 
Constrained algorithms
All names in this menu belong to namespace std::ranges
Non-modifying sequence operations
Fold operations (Helper templates)
Modifying sequence operations
Partitioning operations
Sorting operations
Binary search operations (on sorted ranges)
       
       
Set operations (on sorted ranges)
Heap operations
Minimum/maximum operations
       
       
Permutation operations
Specialized <memory> algorithms
Return types
 
Defined in header <algorithm>
Call signature
template< std::input_iterator I1, std::sentinel_for<I1> S1,
          std::input_iterator I2, std::sentinel_for<I2> S2,
          class Proj1 = std::identity, class Proj2 = std::identity,
          std::indirect_strict_weak_order
              <std::projected<I1, Proj1>,
               std::projected<I2, Proj2>> Comp = ranges::less >
constexpr bool includes( I1 first1, S1 last1, I2 first2, S2 last2,
                         Comp comp = {}, Proj1 proj1 = {}, Proj2 proj2 = {} )
(1) (since C++20)
template< ranges::input_range R1, ranges::input_range R2,
          class Proj1 = std::identity, class Proj2 = std::identity,
          std::indirect_strict_weak_order
              <std::projected<ranges::iterator_t<R1>, Proj1>,
               std::projected<ranges::iterator_t<R2>, Proj2>> Comp
                   = ranges::less >
constexpr bool includes( R1&& r1, R2&& r2,
                         Comp comp = {}, Proj1 proj1 = {}, Proj2 proj2 = {} )
(2) (since C++20)
template< /*execution-policy*/ Ep,
          std::random_access_iterator I1, std::sized_sentinel_for<I1> S1,
          std::random_access_iterator I2, std::sized_sentinel_for<I2> S2,
          class Proj1 = std::identity, class Proj2 = std::identity,
          std::indirect_strict_weak_order
              <std::projected<I1, Proj1>,
               std::projected<I2, Proj2>> Comp = ranges::less >
bool includes( Ep&& policy, I1 first1, S1 last1, I2 first2, S2 last2,
               Comp comp = {}, Proj1 proj1 = {}, Proj2 proj2 = {} );
(3) (since C++26)
template< /*execution-policy*/ Ep,
          /*sized-random-access-range*/ R1, /*sized-random-access-range*/ R2,
          class Proj1 = std::identity, class Proj2 = std::identity,
          std::indirect_strict_weak_order
              <std::projected<ranges::iterator_t<R1>, Proj1>,
               std::projected<ranges::iterator_t<R2>, Proj2>> Comp
                   = ranges::less >
bool includes( Ep&& policy, R1&& r1, R2&& r2,
               Comp comp = {}, Proj1 proj1 = {}, Proj2 proj2 = {} );
(4) (since C++26)

For the definition of /*execution-policy*/, see this page; for the definition of /*sized-random-access-range*/, see this page.

1,2) Checks if the sorted target range [first2last2) or r2 is a subsequence of the sorted source range [first1last1) or r1.
A sequence S is a subsequence of another sequence T if S can be obtained from T by removing any number of T’s elements and keeping the remaining elements in the same order.
3,4) Same as (1,2), but executed according to policy.

If any of the following conditions is satisfied, the behavior is undefined:

  • The source range is not sorted with respect to the comparator comp and projection proj1.
  • The target range is not sorted with respect to the comparator comp and projection proj2.

The function-like entities described on this page are algorithm function objects (informally known as niebloids), that is:

Parameters

first1, last1 - the pair of iterators defining the source range
r1 - the source range
first2, last2 - the pair of iterators defining the target range
r2 - the target range
comp - the comparator to be applied to the (projected) elements
proj1 - the projection to be applied to the elements in the source range
proj2 - the projection to be applied to the elements in the target range
policy - the execution policy to use

Return value

true if the target range is a subsequence of the source range; otherwise false.

Complexity

Given

  • N1 as ranges::distance(first1, last1) or ranges::distance(r1),
  • N2 as ranges::distance(first2, last2) or ranges::distance(r2):
1,2) At most 2⋅(N1+N2)-1 applications of comp, proj1 and proj2.
3,4) 𝓞(N1+N2) applications of comp, proj1 and proj2.

Exceptions

3,4) During the execution process:
  • If the temporary memory resources required for parallelization are not available, std::bad_alloc is thrown.
  • If an uncaught exception is thrown while accessing objects via an algorithm argument, the behavior is determined by the execution policy (for standard policies, std::terminate is invoked).

Possible implementation

struct includes_fn
{
    template<std::input_iterator I1, std::sentinel_for<I1> S1,
             std::input_iterator I2, std::sentinel_for<I2> S2,
             class Proj1 = std::identity, class Proj2 = std::identity,
             std::indirect_strict_weak_order
                 <std::projected<I1, Proj1>,
                  std::projected<I2, Proj2>> Comp = ranges::less>
    constexpr bool operator()(I1 first1, S1 last1, I2 first2, S2 last2,
                              Comp comp = {}, Proj1 proj1 = {}, Proj2 proj2 = {}) const
    {
        for (; first2 != last2; ++first1)
        {
            if (first1 == last1 || comp(*first2, *first1))
                return false;
            if (!comp(*first1, *first2))
                ++first2;
        }
        return true;
    }
    
    template<ranges::input_range R>
    auto get_end(R&& r)
    {
        return ranges::end(r);
    }
    
    template<ranges::forward_range R>
    auto get_end(R&& r)
    {
        return ranges::next(ranges::begin(r), ranges::end(r));
    }
    
    template<ranges::input_range R1, ranges::input_range R2,
             class Proj1 = std::identity, class Proj2 = std::identity,
             std::indirect_strict_weak_order
                 <std::projected<ranges::iterator_t<R1>, Proj1>,
                  std::projected<ranges::iterator_t<R2>, Proj2>> Comp = ranges::less>
    constexpr bool operator()(R1&& r1, R2&& r2, Comp comp = {},
                              Proj1 proj1 = {}, Proj2 proj2 = {}) const
    {
        return (*this)(ranges::begin(r1), get_end(r1),
                       ranges::begin(r2), get_end(r2),
                       std::ref(comp), std::ref(proj1), std::ref(proj2));
    }
};

inline constexpr auto includes = includes_fn{};

Example

#include <algorithm>
#include <cctype>
#include <initializer_list>
#include <iomanip>
#include <iostream>
#include <locale>
#include <string>

template<class T>
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const std::initializer_list<T>& list)
{
    for (os << "{ "; const auto& elem : list)
        os << elem << ' ';
    return os << "} ";
}

struct true_false : std::numpunct<char>
{
    std::string do_truename() const { return "? Yes\n"; }
    std::string do_falsename() const { return "? No\n"; }
};

int main()
{
    std::cout.imbue(std::locale(std::cout.getloc(), new true_false));
    
    auto ignore_case = [](char a, char b) { return std::tolower(a) < std::tolower(b); };
    
    const auto
        a = {'a', 'b', 'c'},
        b = {'a', 'c'},
        c = {'a', 'a', 'b'},
        d = {'g'},
        e = {'a', 'c', 'g'},
        f = {'A', 'B', 'C'},
        z = {'a', 'b', 'c', 'f', 'h', 'x'};
    
    std::cout
        << z << "includes\n" << std::boolalpha
        << a << std::ranges::includes(z.begin(), z.end(), a.begin(), a.end())
        << b << std::ranges::includes(z, b)
        << c << std::ranges::includes(z, c)
        << d << std::ranges::includes(z, d)
        << e << std::ranges::includes(z, e)
        << f << std::ranges::includes(z, f, ignore_case);
}

Output:

{ a b c f h x } includes
{ a b c } ? Yes
{ a c } ? Yes
{ a a b } ? No
{ g } ? No
{ a c g } ? No
{ A B C } ? Yes

See also

determines if one sequence is a subsequence of another
(function template) [edit]
computes the difference between two sets
(algorithm function object)[edit]
searches for the first occurrence of a range of elements
(algorithm function object)[edit]
checks if the range contains the given element or subrange
(algorithm function object)[edit]